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Inside a faux pas, an open door to a freewheeling discussion
can be found. Or, at least it can when the faux pas
is the starting point to a conversation with Gary Shteyngart.
Gary who? Shteyngart. For people who cast curious eyes
at fiction bestseller lists, or at least the pages of
The New Yorker, the name may be familiar enough to ignite
a slight chuckle. But for those not in on the joke, or
even those who are, how about a brief literary précis?
Shteyngart, who immigrated to the United States from Russia
when he was a wee lad, burst onto the literary scene in
2002 with The Russian Debutante’s Handbook, a kooky,
lyrically written fictional recounting of a Russian immigrant
who dreams of capitalism and a girlfriend. Hilarity spills
all over the page. This debut was followed, in 2006, by
Absurdistan, a novel about 325-pound Misha Vainberg —
aka Snack Daddy — who wants to live with his sexy
Latina girlfriend in the Bronx. Standing in his way? He
can’t get a U.S. visa. The reason? His Russian father,
a gangster extraordinaire, murdered an Oklahoma businessman.
Desperate to see his hip-hop loving honey, Misha sneaks
into the country of Absurdistan hoping to score the right
documents. But a civil war begins, and Comrade Vainberg
contends with bombs that seek to make shrapnel of his
love life and an international media that could care less
about death and destruction in some tiny nation near the
Caspian Sea. Satire, oil wells and body parts splatter
the pages.
Much like the detonations that flatten the country, Absurdistan
itself — with its blend of politically incorrect
humor, tightly plotted story lines, non-stop satirical
flourishes — blew critics minds. It was named one
of the best books of the year by The New York Times, Time,
The Washington Post, The Seattle Times, and nearly a dozen
other publications. So, when Shteyngnart took some time
out for a chat during his paperback tour, the stage seemed
cleared for an un-P.C. good time. But all didn’t
go as planned. A bit of misinformation had to be stepped
over and around first, before the talk moved on to such
happy fare as Haliburton, Hasidism, and imperialism.
One of the plot points in Absurdistan is that Misha can’t
come back into the United States. You came from Leningrad
(now Petersburg) and you weren’t allowed to go back.
Isn’t that true?
No, that’s Wikipedia speaking there, ripping off
of some interview I gave. I went to Oberlin College in
Ohio, and I wanted to go to Moscow to study — this
was ’92, something like that — and my mother
said, “There’s no way in hell I’m going
to pay for you to go back there.” There was a lot
of violence there. So that’s Wikipedia’s “I
wasn’t allowed to return.” Yeah. By his mother.
[Laughs.]
What do you do when you see something on Wikipedia about
yourself that isn’t true?
I’m like, whatever. It’s the Internet. I would
guess that a fifth of everything out there is wrong. Anyway,
it’s always fiction that’s more truthful than
the truth.
How so?
Well, so much of this book, it actually happened. I went
to go visit these countries — Azerbaijan, Georgia
— and I spent a lot of time just hanging out, absorbing
everything. When I came back, before 9/11 actually, I
had over 200 pages of notes, and the notes were better
than any novel I could write. So I just started using
a lot of them and created my own country — Absurdistan
— with the oil wells in a country like Azerbaijan,
the Christianity in a country like Georgia. But so much
of it is based on the kind of things that happened to
me and the kind of stuff that actually goes on. Fiction
gets a bad rap these days. A lot of people are reading
less fiction. I think in this country, especially after
9/11, people became scared shitless, they just needed
to know what the hell was going on in the world in a very
unadulterated way— just the truth and nothing but
the truth. But I think, in some ways, fiction gives you
an even better look because it gives you an emotional
context.
There’s a part in the book where Misha contacts
his analyst and says, “I’m in Absurdistan,”
and the analyst replies, “Where’s that?”
It’s really funny talking to Americans about that
part of the world— they have no idea where the hell
everything is. Now Americans know where Afghanistan is
and Iraq is, but it seems like we only know about a country
after we do something there. And we haven’t done
anything yet in that part of the world, so it doesn’t
float on people’s conscience so much. Although Azerbaijan
and a lot of these countries have huge investments by
the oil majors. Haliburton is something you encounter
everywhere you look. Good old Haliburton. Haliburton made
it into the headlines before I started writing this, and
already I could just sense the kind of awfulness and corruption
in what was going on [in Azerbaijan]. There were these
hookers running around saying, “Galiburton, Galiburton”
in this hotel that served a lot of foreigners. I figured
the guys were big tippers or something.
When the book came out, a lot of people were like, “Oh,
my God, this is such an exaggeration of how the world
is.” But in some ways this is an understatement.
And that’s what’s always been amazing to me—
America is such a large country. It’s like many
countries put together, in a sense. So for some Americans,
there’s a lack of understanding of how the rest
of the world functions, the degree to which we’re
complicit in world events So that was one of the things
I wanted to do in Absurdistan— create a character
who claims to be this Western guy, this multicultural
studies major, but [who], in essence, is as alienated
as everyone else. And corrupt.
What were the circumstances around your arrival here?
Well, my parents were Russian Jews. They just wanted a
nice job, and there was a chance and they took it. It
was one of those things where you either get it or you
don’t, and if you don’t, then you’re
screwed. It was quite a chance they took, but I’m
guessing they had a feeling that everything was going
to be all right. We came out [in 1979] and moved to Rome
for a little bit and then the United States. But they
didn’t even tell me where we were going until we
landed here.
I was a huge fan of the Soviet Union— I wanted to
be a Red Pioneer, I wanted to join the Communist party.
I wrote my very first book when I was 5 years old, about
Lenin and his magical goose invading Finland. I was just
in love with the system. But what the hell did I know?
So what the hell does a 7-year-old Russian Jewish kid
think when all of a sudden he’s in Manhattan?
I wish we were in Manhattan. No, we were in the worst
part of Queens — the Boonies — and it was
horrific. Horrible. Concerned rabbis would kick my ass
because one of us Russian kids would eat pork salami in
the bathroom. And there were these kids who were just
these awful— I don’t want to say suburban,
but narrow-minded, ridiculous, with the Mercedes—
oh, I’m sorry, it wasn’t Mercedes. It was
Cadillac. They were Jews after all. It was just horrifying.
And one of the first satires I wrote was the Gemorrah—
it was a take on the Torah. I didn’t have friends,
I didn’t speak English well. And being Russian was
the worst thing you could be at the time— all those
movies: Red This, Red That— It really sucked. And
then I went to [Bedford] Stuyvesant [High School, a large,
diverse, highly academic school in lower Manhattan] and
that was such a relief. I fell into this crowd of kids
who weren’t as bright as others at Stuyvesant, and
they were just hanging around, getting high at the park.
It was a really great. And then I went to Oberlin: more
of the same.
Just older.
Yeah, and Oberlin, it was a sweet school, but I don’t
remember what I learned there. It was more like a finishing
school for me, because it was such a shock, being in this
very over-privileged school. I think I only had one shirt,
and that was a school where having one shirt was not good,
not good at all. So, a lot of this stuff went into my
work, this sense of being constantly discombobulated,
never knowing.
One of the other things which is so current in the book
is that Misha is trying to get into this country, and
here we have so many real people who are trying to do
the same.
I go back to Russia almost every year, but on one of my
first visits, in the late-90s, when Yeltsin was still
in power, I was just shocked by the country. Russia was
at the lowest point in its economy. There is still a lot
of poverty going on, but there has been a slight change
now that there is oil money sloshing around, but a lot
of people are still incredibly poor. And there was a very
arcane procedure that if you were staying in a hotel,
they put all these stamps in your visa, otherwise you
have to pay a huge fine upon leaving the country. I was
staying on a kind of fake visa, in the sense that I wasn’t
staying in a hotel. So I had this unbelievable feeling
that I was going to be there forever, for the rest of
my life. I remember being right next to this gigantic
Lenin statue and couldn’t breathe and had to hold
on for support. My friends were saying, “What the
hell are you so upset about? You’ll get out. You’re
an American. You can go where you want.”
Have you encountered a lot of anti-Semitism in the Untied
States?
Please. In New York? Everyone’s Jewish.
I mean other places that you’ve been to.
Not really, but maybe I’m comparing it to Russia.
It’s just not a part of my life.
In the book, there’s a lot about how Jews—
Hasidic Jews — can’t be trusted. When you’re
writing those things, does it make you nervous?
No, I don’t care. I mean, my take on religion is
a very skeptical one, generally, and Judaism is the only
religion I know. It all stems back to this kind of hypocrisy
that I felt in Hebrew school. There are all these laws
that I had to follow, but in the end, people didn’t
behave well to one another. They treated each other like
shit. At first, I really wanted to believe that maybe
Judaism could be my new communism, this thing I would
believe in. And, then, as I grew older, living in the
community I did, I don’t think I ever saw an Asian,
a Hispanic, or a Black person. It was insane. At the time,
I was saying, “Oh, life is great, because we were
learning about being Jews.” But in some cases, that
was the worst experience I had.
One motif [I write about] is the way that people use religion
for political ends, which I was writing before the Bush
Administration went hog wild, trying to demolish the separation
between church and state. You know, former Communist elites
tried to use religion and nationalism to cement their
power. So I write about Misha, who basically does not
leave his sofa, but he suffers the consequences. That
really is a great explanation of the Russian soul: The
urge to do well and the inability to get off his ass.
And I was a little fat when I was a kid. During my bar
mitzvah, my grandma fed me like seven hamburgers a day.
Her whole life was just feeding me. She grew up in [a
poor part of Russia], so having access to unlimited American
foodstuffs inspired her, and I just became huge. So in
the back of my mind, I guess there is just a fat me, sitting
there. But Misha’s girth makes him a consumer. It
consumes him. So I wanted all that stuff in the book.
Not just American consumers, but also Russian and Third
World elite consumers, because when I go back to Russia
— a land tethered to culture in a way, where there
was this lack of freedom which still exists today —
you see this endless consumerism.
Where does it come from, this hyper-consumerism?
We are, in some ways, the origin. And it’s spread
to China, India.
When you say “we,” you mean the United States?
Yeah, absolutely. We’re the ones that gave the world
the idea that, through buying things and making one’s
hair bigger, one can accomplish big things. It’s
sad to see.
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